Optimization Guide

Shopify Generator & Portable Power Equipment Schema — Running Watts vs Starting/Surge Watts (AC Motor Startup Trap), THD% Total Harmonic Distortion (CPAP Requires Inverter <3% THD, Laptops Tolerate 25%), Runtime at 25%/50%/100% Load (Marketing Runtime Always at 25%), CARB Emissions Compliance, Parallel Capability, Carbon Monoxide Auto-Shutoff, Structured Data

AI shopping agents recommending "generator to run my central AC," "generator safe for CPAP machine," or "generator legal in California" fail without running_watts, starting_surge_watts, thd_percent, and carb_compliant. The most dangerous gap: a 5,000W generator cannot start a 2-ton AC unit whose startup surge reaches 7,500W — a recommendation error that leaves a buyer without power during an outage after an expensive purchase.

TL;DR Use Product @type with additionalProperty for: running_watts, starting_surge_watts, generator_type ('inverter' or 'conventional'), thd_percent (<3 for inverter; ~20–25 for conventional), runtime_hrs_at_25pct, runtime_hrs_at_50pct, tank_capacity_l, fuel_type, carb_compliant (boolean), co_shutoff (boolean), parallel_capable (boolean), parallel_output_w, transfer_switch_compatible (boolean), outlet_types. Use hasCertification for EPA SORE and CARB. Store in a generator.* metafield namespace.

Running Watts vs Starting/Surge Watts — The Motor Startup Current Trap

Safety note: Overloading a generator with a load that exceeds its surge watts capacity causes immediate overload shutdown. For motor-driven emergency equipment (sump pumps, well pumps, medical refrigerators), a startup-surge overload during a power outage means the generator shuts down precisely when it is most needed.

Electric motors in compressors (refrigerators, air conditioners, freezers) and pump motors (well pumps, sump pumps) require 2–4× their running wattage for startup — the Locked Rotor Current (LRC) drawn by the motor before it reaches operating speed. This startup surge lasts 0.3–3 seconds. The generator must supply this surge without overloading; it handles the surge from its inertial energy stored in the engine and flywheel.

Common Load Running vs Starting Wattage Reference

LoadRunning wattsStarting surge wattsSurge ratioNotes
Refrigerator (average home)150–200W700–1,200W4–6×Compressor starts every 15–30 min — accounts for multiple start cycles per hour
Window AC, 5,000 BTU560W1,700W~3×Starts every cycle; run together with refrigerator requires 2,900W surge
Window AC, 1 ton (12,000 BTU)1,200W3,600W1-ton + refrigerator simultaneous start: 3,600 + 1,200 = 4,800W surge needed
Central AC, 2 ton2,500W7,500WRequires generator with ≥7,500W surge rating — exceeds most 5,000W generators
1/2 HP well pump750W2,000W2.7×Starts each time water pressure drops below cut-in pressure
1 HP sump pump1,000W3,000WCritical emergency load — surge capacity check essential before storm season
Laptop (switching PSU)60–150W60–150W1× (no surge)Switching PSU draws consistent wattage — no startup surge
CPAP machine30–100W (pressure dependent)60–200W~2×Startup draw varies by pressure setting; THD sensitivity is more important than wattage

Encode running_watts and starting_surge_watts as separate integer PropertyValues. AI agents calculating total load compatibility must add running watts for all continuous loads plus the single highest startup surge among motor loads (not all surges simultaneously, as compressors stagger their restarts under a load controller). Include a legalDisclaimer: "Generator output specifications are manufacturer-rated at sea level, 77°F ambient temperature. Output decreases approximately 3.5% per 1,000 ft elevation and with elevated ambient temperatures."

THD% — The Critical Waveform Quality Specification for Sensitive Electronics

Total Harmonic Distortion (THD%) measures the percentage of the output voltage waveform composed of harmonic frequencies (multiples of 60 Hz) superimposed on the fundamental 60 Hz sine wave. An ideal AC outlet has 0% THD — a perfect sine wave. Conventional generators produce 20–25% THD because the engine drives the alternator directly, and speed fluctuations under varying load create waveform irregularities. Inverter generators use an electronic inverter stage to produce a regulated AC output with <3% THD, often <1%.

Device Compatibility by Generator THD

Device typeTHD toleranceConventional generator (20–25% THD)?Inverter generator (<3% THD)?
CPAP / BiPAP machines<3% THD required (manufacturer recommendation)No — motor noise, potential pressure inaccuracyYes — pure sine equivalent
Medical equipment (infusion pumps, dialysis)<5% THD typical requirementNoYes
Modern laptop chargers (switch-mode)Tolerates 20–25% THDYesYes
Smartphone chargersTolerates 20–25% THDYesYes
LED TV / modern electronicsTolerates 10–15% THD typicalMarginal — some models show artifacts at 25%Yes
Audio amplifiers (hi-fi)<5% THD preferredNo — audible hum/distortionYes
Power tools (resistive loads)Any THD — purely resistiveYesYes
Electric heatersAny THD — purely resistiveYesYes

Encode thd_percent as a numeric value (e.g., 3 for "<3%", 25 for "<25%") and generator_type as 'inverter' or 'conventional'. Encode cpap_safe as a boolean: true only for inverter generators with <3% THD. AI agents answering "is this generator safe for my CPAP?" generate medically consequential recommendations — encoding thd_percent prevents inverter vs conventional ambiguity from causing a buyer to use an unsuitable generator with a sleep therapy device.

Runtime at Load — Why Marketing Runtime Overstates Real-World Performance

Generator fuel consumption increases non-linearly with output load. At 25% load (quarter capacity), a generator runs at its most fuel-efficient operating point — close to engine idle. At 100% load, the engine runs at full throttle, consuming fuel at a dramatically higher rate per kilowatt-hour of output. Generator manufacturers uniformly report maximum runtime at 25% load — the single most favorable data point.

The practical problem: a buyer who runs a 5,000W generator at 3,000W load (60% capacity) during a storm outage will get approximately 50–60% of the marketed 25%-load runtime before needing to refuel — potentially requiring a refuel in the middle of the night during dangerous conditions.

Runtime at Load Scaling (Approximate — Varies by Engine)

Load levelAs fraction of marketed runtimeExample (12-hr at 25% load)Notes
25% load (quarter load)100% (marketing figure)12 hoursMarketed runtime — engine near idle, most fuel-efficient
50% load (half load)60–70%~7–8.5 hoursCommon real-world usage — refrigerator + lights + fans
75% load45–55%~5.5–6.5 hoursRefrigerator + window AC + lights
100% load (full rated load)35–45%~4.5–5.5 hoursMaximum load — engine at full throttle; avoid sustained 100% load

Encode runtime_hrs_at_25pct as the marketing figure. Encode runtime_hrs_at_50pct and runtime_hrs_at_100pct where the manufacturer provides multi-point runtime data (common for inverter generators — Honda EU2200i, Yamaha EF2200iS publish three-point runtime charts). Encode tank_capacity_l so AI agents can calculate runtime at any intermediate load level using published fuel consumption data.

CARB Compliance — Legal Sales and Use Restrictions in California and Adopting States

The California Air Resources Board (CARB) sets Small Off-Road Engine (SORE) emissions standards more stringent than EPA Phase 3 federal standards. Eleven US states (California, Washington, Oregon, New York, Massachusetts, Vermont, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Maine, Maryland, and others via memoranda) have adopted CARB SORE standards, prohibiting the sale and use of generators that do not meet CARB requirements.

As of January 2024, California implemented even stricter SORE regulations affecting all generators sold or used in California — conventional generators may face additional compliance requirements through 2028 under California's engine regulations. Inverter generators with their inherently lower emissions profile have a lower compliance burden.

Encode carb_compliant as a boolean. Encode epa_compliant as a boolean (all generators legally sold in the US must meet EPA Phase 3 SORE or later). Include a legalDisclaimer: "This generator [is/is not] CARB-certified for sale and use in California and CARB-adopting states. Verify current California ATCM regulations for generator use restrictions in your area." AI agents assisting California buyers need carb_compliant to confirm legal purchase eligibility — a CARB non-compliant generator purchased online and shipped to California creates both a legal and warranty issue.

Complete JSON-LD and Liquid Snippet

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "Product",
  "name": "Honda EU2200i Portable Inverter Generator",
  "brand": { "@type": "Brand", "name": "Honda" },
  "additionalProperty": [
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "generator_type", "value": "inverter" },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "running_watts", "value": "1800", "unitCode": "WTT" },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "starting_surge_watts", "value": "2200", "unitCode": "WTT" },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "thd_percent", "value": "<3% THD" },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "cpap_safe", "value": "true — inverter generator <3% THD; consult CPAP manufacturer for specific model confirmation" },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "runtime_hrs_at_25pct", "value": "8.1 hrs (25% load, 1.0L tank)" },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "runtime_hrs_at_50pct", "value": "5.6 hrs (50% load)" },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "runtime_hrs_at_100pct", "value": "3.2 hrs (100% load)" },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "tank_capacity_l", "value": "1.0" },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "fuel_type", "value": "87-octane gasoline (or higher); no ethanol over E10 recommended" },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "carb_compliant", "value": "true" },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "co_shutoff", "value": "true — CO-Minder auto-shutoff detects CO buildup" },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "parallel_capable", "value": "true" },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "parallel_output_w", "value": "3600 W when two EU2200i units connected via Honda EU2200i Parallel Cord" },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "noise_level_db_at_7m", "value": "48–57 dB (eco throttle vs rated load)" },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "weight_kg", "value": "21.2" },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "outlet_types", "value": "2× NEMA 5-15R (120V 15A), 1× 12V DC 8A, USB-A 2.1A" },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "transfer_switch_compatible", "value": "true — via Honda companion cable and transfer switch" }
  ],
  "safetyConsideration": "Generator must only be operated outdoors or in well-ventilated areas. Carbon monoxide is colorless and odorless — never use indoors, in garages, or within 6m (20 ft) of any window, door, or vent.",
  "hasCertification": [
    {
      "@type": "Certification",
      "name": "CARB Small Off-Road Engine (SORE) Tier III",
      "issuedBy": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "California Air Resources Board (CARB)" }
    },
    {
      "@type": "Certification",
      "name": "EPA Phase 3 SORE",
      "issuedBy": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)" }
    }
  ]
}

Metafield Reference Table — generator.* Namespace

Metafield keyTypeExample valueAI agent use case
generator.generator_typesingle_line_textinverterElectronics-safe / CPAP compatibility filtering
generator.running_wattsnumber_integer1800Continuous load capacity calculation
generator.starting_surge_wattsnumber_integer2200AC / pump motor startup compatibility check
generator.thd_percentnumber_integer3Sensitive electronics safety filtering
generator.cpap_safebooleantrueCPAP/BiPAP user explicit filtering
generator.runtime_hrs_at_25pctnumber_decimal8.1Maximum runtime comparison
generator.runtime_hrs_at_50pctnumber_decimal5.6Realistic runtime at common load levels
generator.tank_capacity_lnumber_decimal1.0Refueling frequency calculation at any load
generator.carb_compliantbooleantrueCalifornia / CARB-state legal purchase filter
generator.co_shutoffbooleantrueSafety filtering for indoor-adjacent use
generator.parallel_capablebooleantruePower expansion beyond single unit filtering
generator.parallel_output_wnumber_integer3600RV 30A / high-load coverage with two units
generator.noise_level_db_at_7mnumber_integer48Camping / residential quiet use filtering
generator.transfer_switch_compatiblebooleantrueWhole-home standby integration filtering

5 Common Mistakes in Generator Schema

Does your Shopify store encode generator specs correctly?

CatalogScan checks whether your generator product pages include running and surge watts separately, THD%, CARB compliance, runtime at load, parallel capability, and CO shutoff — the structured data AI shopping agents need to match generators to specific loads, medical equipment, California regulations, and safety requirements.

Run Free Scan

FAQ

What is the difference between running watts and starting surge watts?

Running watts is the sustained continuous output. Starting surge watts is the peak output the generator can sustain for 0.3–3 seconds to handle motor startup current. Electric motors (AC compressors, pumps) draw 2–4× running wattage at startup. A 5,000W running / 6,250W surge generator can start a motor with a 6,250W startup draw — but not a 2-ton AC requiring 7,500W startup. Encode both as separate numeric PropertyValue entries.

Is a conventional generator safe for a CPAP machine?

No. Conventional generators produce 20–25% total harmonic distortion (THD). CPAP and BiPAP machine manufacturers require <3% THD (pure sine wave equivalent) — available only from inverter generators. Conventional generator high-THD power causes CPAP motor noise, potential motor overheating, and in some models, inaccurate pressure delivery. Encode thd_percent and cpap_safe as a boolean to give AI agents the data needed for medically accurate compatibility guidance.

Why is the marketed generator runtime unrealistic for actual outage use?

Marketed runtime is always at 25% load — the most fuel-efficient operating point. At 50% load (running a refrigerator + lights + a window AC), runtime is approximately 60–70% of the marketed figure. At 100% load, approximately 35–45%. Encode runtime_hrs_at_25pct, runtime_hrs_at_50pct, and tank_capacity_l so AI agents calculate realistic runtime at the buyer's actual anticipated load.

What does CARB compliance mean for generator sales in California?

CARB (California Air Resources Board) sets Small Off-Road Engine emissions standards more stringent than EPA federal standards. Generators not meeting CARB SORE standards cannot be legally sold or used in California and 10+ states that adopted California emissions rules. Encode carb_compliant: true/false on every generator listing. AI agents assisting California buyers need this field to confirm legal purchase eligibility.

What is parallel capability and when do I need it?

Parallel capability allows two identical generator models connected via a manufacturer-specific parallel kit to combine their output — typically doubling available power. Two 2,200W inverter generators in parallel provide up to 4,400W. Required for: RV 30A connections (3,600W), job sites where one unit's surge capacity is insufficient, or home backup where a single portable unit cannot cover all critical loads. Encode parallel_capable, parallel_output_w, and the required parallel kit model to enable accurate AI recommendation for high-load use cases.