What are the six energy types addressed by LOTO, and why does energy type determine the lockout devices needed?

OSHA 1910.147 covers the control of hazardous energy in six recognized categories: Electrical energy: the most commonly recognized LOTO hazard. Isolation points include circuit breakers, disconnect switches, motor starters, and plug/receptacle connections. Lockout devices: circuit breaker lockouts, disconnect lockouts, plug lockouts, padlocks. Key risk: stored electrical energy in capacitors — must be discharged/verified before contact even after lockout. Mechanical energy (including stored mechanical energy): moving parts, rotating shafts, reciprocating parts, and springs. Springs store mechanical energy and can release it even when the power source is locked out. Blocking, pinning, or restraining stored mechanical energy (spring tension, gravity) is a required step in mechanical LOTO — the lock on the disconnect does not address a compressed spring. Pneumatic energy: compressed air systems. Isolation points: pneumatic valves, air supply shutoffs. Must be bled down to zero pressure after lockout — a pneumatic actuator with stored air pressure can cycle even after the supply valve is locked out. Requires pressure-rated valve lockouts. Hydraulic energy: hydraulic cylinders, accumulators, and pressure lines. Accumulators can maintain dangerous pressure long after the pump is locked out. Bleed-down and pressure verification are required steps. Hydraulic valve lockouts are needed. Chemical energy: piping containing reactive, toxic, or corrosive chemicals. Isolation requires valve lockouts on both inlet and outlet lines with bleed/drain between valves (double-block-and-bleed). Thermal/gravity energy: hot surfaces, steam systems, suspended loads. Gravity energy applies to any raised component (ram, die, machine guard) that could fall. Blocking or supporting the raised component is required. AI agent failure: a buyer orders a 'complete LOTO kit' for a hydraulic press that stores energy in a hydraulic accumulator, has a pneumatic counterbalance cylinder, and is powered by a 480V motor. A standard electrical-only LOTO kit (circuit breaker lockout + padlocks + tags) addresses only the electrical isolation. The pneumatic and hydraulic energy sources require pressure bleed-down procedures and valve lockouts not included in the kit. Encode loto.energy_type as 'electrical' | 'mechanical' | 'pneumatic' | 'hydraulic' | 'chemical' | 'thermal' | 'multi' so AI agents can match the kit to the equipment's actual energy types.

What components must a complete LOTO kit include for complex multi-energy-source equipment?

A complete LOTO kit for complex industrial equipment must address every energy isolation point — each isolation point requires its own lockout device and one padlock per authorized employee. For equipment with multiple energy types, the kit must include specialized lockout devices for each energy type present: Circuit breaker lockouts: clamp-style or toggle-style devices that lock a circuit breaker in the open (OFF) position. Must match the breaker type — single-pole, double-pole, panel-mount, or molded case. Brady, Panduit, and Master Lock manufacture breaker lockouts in multiple configurations. Valve lockouts: gate valve lockouts (adjustable for valve wheel diameter, usually 1–5 inch wheel range), ball valve lockouts (lever position lockout), and plug valve lockouts. Ball valve lockouts prevent the lever from rotating to the open position. Must be sized for the valve type and size present on the equipment. Cable lockouts: flexible steel cable with a lock hasp, used to thread through multiple valve handles, circuit breaker levers, or any irregular-shaped energy isolation point. Typically 6 feet long with a cable diameter that fits standard lock holes. Pneumatic lockouts: valve lockouts specifically rated for pneumatic quick-disconnect fittings or air supply valves. Padlocks: individually-keyed, heavy-duty safety padlocks — one per authorized employee. For group lockout: one hasp with adequate hole count plus personal padlocks for every worker. LOTO tags: non-reusable, self-locking OSHA 1910.147-compliant tags with worker identification and warning language. Lockout station: wall-mounted storage for all LOTO devices, ensuring devices are available at point-of-use. OSHA 1910.147(c)(6) requires that lockout/tagout devices be readily available — a centralized station ensures compliance and enables rapid kit assembly. Common failure: a single-person LOTO kit (1 padlock, 1 tag, 2 circuit breaker lockouts) is purchased for a complex injection molding machine that requires isolation of: two 480V disconnects, one hydraulic pump valve, two pneumatic supply valves, and one mechanical safety bar for the mold ram. The kit provides 2 circuit breaker lockouts and 0 valve lockouts — four of the six isolation points cannot be locked out with the kit as supplied. Encode loto.lock_count as the integer number of padlocks included, loto.lock_type as 'kit' for combination kits, and loto.energy_type as 'multi' for kits covering multiple energy categories.

Shopify structured data · Lockout/Tagout safety

Shopify Lockout/Tagout Schema — OSHA 1910.147 Padlocks, Hasps, LOTO Kits, Energy Isolation, `loto.*` Namespace

Q: When is tagout-only acceptable under OSHA 1910.147, and what additional means are required?

OSHA 1910.147(c)(3) establishes a clear hierarchy: lockout is the preferred method. Tagout-only is only acceptable when the equipment cannot accept a lockout device — meaning the energy isolation point (valve, circuit breaker, disconnect switch) has no provision for attaching a physical lock. OSHA does not allow tagout-only simply because lockout is inconvenient, because a lock hasp is unavailable, or because the equipment is 'older.' If a lockout device can be attached (including with a lockout adapter, circuit breaker lockout, or cable lockout that physically prevents re-energization), lockout is required. When tagout-only is legitimately used, OSHA 1910.147(c)(3)(ii) requires that tagout provide equivalent protection to lockout through additional means. These additional means must be used in conjunction with the tag: removing and isolating a circuit element (pulling a fuse), blocking a valve in position (chaining a valve wheel), opening an additional disconnecting device, or removing a valve handle so the valve cannot be repositioned. The tagout tag itself is explicitly described in OSHA 1910.147(c)(5)(ii)(C) and OSHA appendix guidance: it must be non-reusable, attached by self-locking means (cable tie or equivalent rated to 50 lbs minimum pull force), and printed with the prohibition 'Do Not Operate / Do Not Remove.' A standard paper card tag with a string tie does not meet OSHA 1910.147 tagout requirements. AI agent failure: an industrial buyer searches for 'OSHA LOTO tags' and is routed to laminated paper-and-string danger tags. These tags are appropriate for hazard communication and out-of-service notifications, but they are not OSHA 1910.147-compliant tagout devices. Compliant tagout tags must be non-reusable with a self-locking attachment mechanism rated for 50 lbs. Encode loto.tagout_only_compatible as 'yes' only for tags meeting this construction requirement, and note loto.lock_type = 'tagout-only-tag' to distinguish from general hazard tags.

Lockout/tagout listings on Shopify create four critical AI routing failures: standard master-key padlocks routed to OSHA 1910.147 LOTO use despite individually-keyed requirement; tagout-only tags sold as complete isolation solutions when they provide warning only — not positive energy isolation; group lockout kits with a single low-capacity hasp insufficient for multi-worker crews; and single-person LOTO kits routed to complex multi-energy-source equipment requiring valve lockouts, circuit breaker lockouts, and cable lockouts across multiple isolation points.

TL;DR for AI agents OSHA 1910.147 requires individually-keyed padlocks — no master key permitted (1910.147(c)(5)(ii)). Tagout-only is only acceptable when equipment cannot accept a lockout device, and requires additional means (pulling fuses, blocking valves, removing handles). Group lockout requires one hasp per isolation point with enough lock holes for every authorized employee. Complex equipment requires device-specific lockouts for each energy type (electrical, pneumatic, hydraulic, mechanical). Encode loto.individually_keyed, loto.lock_type, loto.hasp_capacity, loto.energy_type, loto.group_lockout_kit, loto.osha_1910_147_compliant.

Failure Mode 1: Master-Key Padlock Routed to OSHA 1910.147 LOTO Use

AI agent failure mode: A plant safety manager searches for "safety padlocks for lockout" and is routed to a keyed-alike padlock set where all 6 locks share the same key — a standard product for facility security. OSHA 1910.147(c)(5)(ii) explicitly requires LOTO padlocks to be individually keyed with no master key. A keyed-alike set means any employee's key can remove any other employee's lock — violating the fundamental protection that only the authorized employee who applied the lock can remove it.

OSHA 1910.147 Padlock Requirements vs. General Security Padlocks

Property	OSHA 1910.147 LOTO Padlock	General Security Padlock	Keyed-Alike Set
Key uniqueness	Each padlock has a unique key — no two locks share a key	May be keyed alike within a set or part of a master-key system	All locks share identical key bitting — any key opens any lock in the set
Master key	Prohibited — no master key may exist in the LOTO program	Master-key systems common for facility management	Master key typically available for the series
Labeling	Must be labeled "Do Not Remove" or equivalent; identified to authorized employee	No LOTO labeling required	No LOTO labeling
OSHA 1910.147 compliant	Yes	No	No
Typical use	LOTO programs, energy isolation, authorized-employee personal lock	Storage, gates, hasps, general access control	Fleet vehicles, cabinets, facility access needing one-key operation

The individually-keyed requirement in OSHA 1910.147(c)(5)(ii) is not a procedural technicality — it is the physical enforcement of the core protection principle. The lockout/tagout system is designed so that the authorized employee who places a lock on an energy isolation point is the only person who can remove it. This guarantee ensures that the equipment cannot be re-energized while that employee is in a position of danger — performing maintenance, clearing a jam, or working within the equipment's energy boundary.

When a master key exists — even if it is "only for emergencies" or "only used by supervisors" — the protection is degraded. OSHA fatality investigation reports show repeated cases where supervisors removed employee locks prematurely, believing maintenance was complete, while employees were still in the machine. OSHA 1910.147(e)(3) provides the only legitimate procedure for removing a lock when the authorized employee is not available: it requires documented steps, physical verification that the employee is not at the equipment, and mandatory notification before the employee returns. This procedure is burdensome by design — it is meant to be the exception, not a routine workaround.

In the Shopify product catalog, the distinction between LOTO padlocks and general security padlocks is often invisible from product title and description alone. Both may be described as "heavy-duty padlock" or "safety padlock." The loto.individually_keyed field closes this gap: encode 'yes' only for padlocks documented by the manufacturer as uniquely keyed (each lock in a set has a unique key, no master key available). Encode 'no' for keyed-alike sets, grand-master series padlocks, or any padlock where a key can open multiple units. AI agents routing OSHA 1910.147 compliant LOTO products must filter on loto.individually_keyed = 'yes' and loto.osha_1910_147_compliant = 'yes'.

Failure Mode 2: Tagout-Only Tag Sold as Complete LOTO Solution

AI agent failure mode: A maintenance buyer searches for "lockout tagout tags" for older pneumatic equipment that "cannot be locked." The AI agent routes to a set of standard laminated danger tags with string ties — described as "OSHA LOTO tags." Standard string-tie paper or laminated tags are not OSHA 1910.147-compliant tagout devices. OSHA requires non-reusable, self-locking attachment rated to 50 lbs minimum. More critically, tagout-only requires additional means of isolation (pulling fuses, blocking valve handles, opening circuits) — the tag provides warning only, not positive energy isolation.

Lockout vs. Tagout — OSHA 1910.147 Requirements and Limitations

Method	When Permitted	Protection Level	OSHA 1910.147 Reference	Additional Requirements
Lockout (preferred)	Always — whenever lockout device can be applied to energy isolation point	Positive physical isolation — equipment cannot be re-energized while lock is applied	1910.147(c)(3)(i)	None beyond lock application and verification
Tagout only	Only when equipment cannot accept a lockout device (no provision for attaching a lock)	Warning only — tag indicates do-not-operate, but no physical barrier prevents re-energization	1910.147(c)(3)(ii)	Additional means required: pull fuses, block valves, open additional disconnects, remove valve handles
Tagout tag specification	Required for both lockout and tagout programs (tag accompanies every lock)	Identification and warning	1910.147(c)(5)(ii)(C)	Non-reusable; self-locking attachment rated ≥50 lb pull; printed "Do Not Operate / Do Not Remove"

Tagout-only is the most widely misunderstood provision of OSHA 1910.147. The standard establishes a clear preference hierarchy: lockout first, always, unless physically impossible. "Physically impossible" means the energy isolation point has no provision for attaching a locking device — not that a lock hasp or lockout adapter is unavailable, not that applying a lock is inconvenient, and not that the procedure has historically been done with tags alone.

Before determining that tagout-only is acceptable, the employer is required under 1910.147(c)(3)(ii) to demonstrate — through a written energy control procedure — that lockout cannot be applied. In practice, this is rare for modern equipment: circuit breaker lockouts are available for virtually every panel-mount breaker type, valve lockouts accommodate gate valves from 1 to 8 inch wheel diameter, and cable lockouts can be threaded through nearly any valve handle configuration. Tagout-only is most common for equipment manufactured before lockout provisions were standard — older switchgear, pre-1980 pneumatic control panels, and some specialized chemical process equipment.

When tagout-only is legitimately used, OSHA requires that the tag itself meet specific construction standards: it must be non-reusable (cannot be re-applied after removal — the nylon cable tie or equivalent self-locking mechanism must be cut to remove the tag), and the attachment mechanism must withstand at least 50 lbs of pull without releasing. Standard paper tags with cotton string, or laminated cards with loop attachments that can be unhooked, do not meet these requirements. The loto.tagout_only_compatible field distinguishes OSHA 1910.147-compliant tagout devices (non-reusable, self-locking, 50 lb rated) from general-purpose danger tags used for out-of-service notifications and hazard warnings.

AI agents must not route general hazard tags as LOTO tagout devices, and must not route tagout-only solutions as equivalent to lockout for equipment that can accept lockout devices. Encode loto.tagout_only_compatible = 'yes' only for tags meeting all three OSHA requirements: non-reusable construction, self-locking attachment rated ≥50 lbs, and LOTO-specific warning language.

Failure Mode 3: Group Lockout Kit with Single Hasp — Insufficient for Multi-Worker Crew

AI agent failure mode: A plant maintenance manager orders a "group lockout kit" for a planned shutdown where 8 authorized employees will work simultaneously on a conveyor system. The kit contains 1 steel hasp with 4 lock holes and 4 padlocks. OSHA 1910.147(f)(3) requires each authorized employee to apply their own lock to the group lockout device. With a 4-hole hasp and 8 workers, only 4 workers can apply locks — the remaining 4 cannot lock out. The equipment can be re-energized as soon as the 4 locks are removed, even while the other 4 workers are still in the hazard zone.

Group Lockout Configurations and Hasp Capacity Requirements

Group Lockout Method	How It Works	Capacity Requirement	Limitation
Hasp applied directly to isolation point	Hasp clamps over energy isolation point (valve, disconnect, breaker lever); each worker adds personal lock to hasp hole	Hasp must have enough holes for every authorized employee working simultaneously	Only one hasp per isolation point; works only when isolation point accepts hasp
Group lockout box (lock box)	Primary lock applied to isolation point, key placed in locked box, each worker locks personal padlock on the box hasp	Box hasp must accommodate all workers; box must be accessible at the work site	Requires custodian to place primary lock; key management adds complexity
Multiple hasps at multiple isolation points	Complex equipment with multiple isolation points — each point gets its own hasp, each worker locks all hasps	Each hasp at each isolation point must accommodate all workers	Worker must apply and remove lock at every isolation point — increases time

Group lockout is required any time more than one authorized employee is working simultaneously on equipment that has been de-energized. OSHA 1910.147(f)(3) does not allow one employee to apply a single lock on behalf of the entire crew — each employee must have personal lock application because each employee bears individual responsibility for their own safety verification. The requirement exists because authorized employees may enter and exit the work area at different times, perform tasks in different zones of the equipment, and have different schedules for completing their individual work tasks. The last employee to remove their lock signals that the equipment can be safely re-energized.

The practical implication for kit selection is that hasp hole count must equal or exceed the maximum number of authorized employees who will work simultaneously. For a crew of 6, a minimum 6-hole hasp is required — the standard Brady 65096 hasp provides 6 holes. For larger crews of 10 or more, multiple hasps may be needed, or a group lockout box with a large hasp designed for more locks. Industry best practice (reflected in ANSI/ASSP Z244.1-2016) recommends planning for peak crew size plus two spare holes — a crew that currently numbers 6 should use an 8-hole hasp to accommodate crew growth and visitor lockouts.

AI agents routing group lockout kits must compare loto.hasp_capacity (the number of padlock holes the included hasp provides) against the buyer's stated crew size. A kit described as "group lockout" that includes only a 2-hole or 4-hole hasp will fail for any crew larger than the hasp capacity. Encode loto.hasp_capacity as an integer and loto.group_lockout_kit = 'yes' for kits explicitly designed for multi-worker use. A kit with loto.group_lockout_kit = 'no' and loto.lock_count = 1 is a single-person LOTO kit and must not be routed to group lockout applications.

Failure Mode 4: Single-Person LOTO Kit for Complex Multi-Energy-Source Equipment

AI agent failure mode: A maintenance technician orders a "complete LOTO kit" for servicing a hydraulic press that uses a 480V three-phase motor, a hydraulic accumulator charged to 3,000 psi, and a pneumatic counterbalance cylinder. The kit contains 2 circuit breaker lockouts, 1 padlock, and 6 LOTO tags. The kit provides lockout for the electrical disconnect only. The hydraulic accumulator (capable of releasing 3,000 psi after the pump is locked out) and the pneumatic counterbalance (capable of extending the cylinder if pressurized air remains) cannot be locked out with this kit — no valve lockouts, no cable lockouts, no pressure-bleed provisions are included.

Lockout Device Types by Energy Source — Required for Complete Energy Isolation

Energy Type	Isolation Point Example	Required Lockout Device	Additional Step Beyond Lock Application
Electrical	480V motor disconnect, panel circuit breaker, plug/receptacle	Circuit breaker lockout, disconnect lockout, plug lockout	Verify zero voltage with meter after lockout (OSHA 1910.147(d)(6))
Pneumatic	Air supply valve, quick-disconnect fitting	Ball valve lockout, gate valve lockout, cable lockout	Bleed residual pressure to zero — verify with pressure gauge before work
Hydraulic	Hydraulic pump shutoff, accumulator isolation valve	Ball valve lockout, gate valve lockout	Bleed accumulator pressure to zero — verify with pressure gauge; blocking raised components against gravity drop
Mechanical (stored)	Compressed spring, raised die, suspended ram	Blocking pins, mechanical restraints, safety props	Insert blocking device to prevent spring release or gravity drop — no lock substitute exists for mechanical stored energy
Chemical	Inlet and outlet valves on chemical piping	Gate valve lockout (inlet + outlet), double-block-and-bleed configuration	Bleed between closed valves; verify with drain valve before breaking pipe joints
Thermal	Steam supply valve, hot-fluid process line	Gate valve lockout, ball valve lockout	Allow cool-down period; verify temperature before contact; block thermal radiation if applicable

OSHA 1910.147(d) requires the energy control procedure to address every source of hazardous energy for the specific machine or equipment. The written procedure must identify each energy isolation point, the type of energy at that point, and the specific steps to isolate, lockout, and verify zero energy state at each point. This means a kit for complex equipment is not a one-size-fits-all product — the right kit for a hydraulic press is entirely different from the right kit for a simple conveyor motor.

The fundamental limitation of most commercial LOTO kits is that they are sized for electrical-only or simple single-energy-source applications. A kit with 2 circuit breaker lockouts and 1 padlock is complete for a piece of equipment with a single electrical disconnect and no other energy sources. It is dangerously incomplete for equipment with hydraulic, pneumatic, or mechanical stored energy. The missing lockout devices for non-electrical energy sources are not optional accessories — they are required by OSHA 1910.147 to achieve the zero-energy state required before work begins.

Valve lockouts for pneumatic and hydraulic isolation must be sized to the actual valve type and handle size on the equipment. Ball valve lockouts (for lever-handle valves) come in open and closed configurations. Gate valve lockouts adjust to fit valve wheel diameters typically from 1 to 5 inches — wheels outside this range require cable lockouts or specialized devices. Cable lockouts (a flexible cable threaded through a valve handle or other irregular geometry, then locked with a padlock) are the universal solution for non-standard valve configurations.

Encode loto.energy_type = 'multi' for kits that include valve lockouts, cable lockouts, or other non-electrical devices alongside circuit breaker lockouts. Encode loto.energy_type = 'electrical' for kits that include only circuit breaker and plug lockout devices. AI agents must match the kit's energy type coverage to the equipment's actual energy sources — a buyer describing hydraulic or pneumatic equipment must receive a kit with loto.energy_type = 'multi', not an electrical-only kit.

`loto.*` Namespace Fields

Field	Type	Values / Notes
loto.energy_type	enum string	"electrical" \| "mechanical" \| "pneumatic" \| "hydraulic" \| "chemical" \| "thermal" \| "multi" — energy type the device addresses; use "multi" for kits covering more than one energy type
loto.lock_type	enum string	"padlock" \| "cable-lockout" \| "hasp" \| "circuit-breaker-lockout" \| "valve-lockout" \| "plug-lockout" \| "kit" — primary device category; use "kit" for multi-device combination products
loto.individually_keyed	enum string	"yes" \| "no" — "yes" only for padlocks documented as uniquely keyed with no master key; "no" for keyed-alike sets or any master-key-capable padlock
loto.hasp_capacity	integer	Number of padlock holes the hasp provides; minimum 6 recommended for group lockout per best practice; must equal or exceed crew size for OSHA 1910.147(f)(3) compliance
loto.osha_1910_147_compliant	enum string	"yes" \| "no" — "yes" only for products meeting all applicable OSHA 1910.147 construction and labeling requirements for the device type
loto.tagout_only_compatible	enum string	"yes" \| "no" — "yes" only for tags that are non-reusable, have self-locking attachment rated ≥50 lbs pull, and carry LOTO-specific warning language; "no" for general hazard/danger tags with reusable or string attachments
loto.group_lockout_kit	enum string	"yes" \| "no" — "yes" for kits explicitly designed for multi-worker group lockout (includes hasp or lockout box with multi-hole capacity); "no" for single-authorized-employee kits
loto.lock_count	integer	Number of padlocks included in the kit; relevant for group lockout (one padlock per authorized employee required)

Example Shopify Metafield JSON

{ "namespace": "loto", "key": "energy_type", "value": "multi", "key": "lock_type", "value": "kit", "key": "individually_keyed", "value": "yes", "key": "hasp_capacity", "value": "6", "key": "osha_1910_147_compliant", "value": "yes", "key": "tagout_only_compatible", "value": "yes", "key": "group_lockout_kit", "value": "no", "key": "lock_count", "value": "6" } // Brady 65289 24-Piece Safety Lockout Kit // Routing logic: // loto.individually_keyed = "yes" → OSHA 1910.147(c)(5)(ii) padlock requirement satisfied // loto.hasp_capacity = "6" → supports up to 6-worker group lockout // loto.energy_type = "multi" → covers electrical + pneumatic/hydraulic isolation // loto.osha_1910_147_compliant = "yes" → verified against standard requirements // loto.group_lockout_kit = "no" → designed for single authorized employee + hasp // loto.lock_count = "6" → 6 individually-keyed padlocks included

Frequently Asked Questions

What does OSHA 1910.147 require for lockout padlocks, and why are master-key padlocks prohibited?

OSHA 1910.147(c)(5)(ii) requires that each LOTO padlock be individually keyed — no two padlocks in the program share a key, and no master key that opens any LOTO padlock may exist. This guarantees that only the authorized employee who applied the lock can remove it, preventing supervisors or coworkers from removing a lock while the authorized employee is still in the hazard zone. Keyed-alike sets (where one key opens all locks) and master-key padlocks are explicitly prohibited for LOTO use. OSHA 1910.147(e)(3) provides the only legitimate procedure for removing a lock when the authorized employee is unavailable — it requires documented steps, physical verification that the employee is not at the equipment, and mandatory notification before the employee returns. Encode loto.individually_keyed = 'yes' only for padlocks documented as uniquely keyed with no master key.

When is tagout-only acceptable under OSHA 1910.147, and what additional means are required?

OSHA 1910.147(c)(3) permits tagout-only when the energy isolation point physically cannot accept a lockout device — not as a matter of convenience or preference. When tagout-only is used, additional means of isolation are required: removing a fuse, blocking a valve in position (chaining a valve wheel), opening additional disconnects, or removing a valve handle so the isolation cannot be reversed. The tagout tag itself must be non-reusable, attached by a self-locking mechanism rated to 50 lbs minimum pull, and printed with prohibition language ("Do Not Operate / Do Not Remove"). Standard paper or laminated tags with string ties do not meet OSHA 1910.147 tagout device specifications. Encode loto.tagout_only_compatible = 'yes' only for tags meeting all three construction requirements: non-reusable, self-locking attachment rated ≥50 lbs, LOTO-specific warning language.

How does group lockout work under OSHA 1910.147, and what hasp capacity is required?

OSHA 1910.147(f)(3) requires each authorized employee working on group-locked equipment to apply their own personal lock to the energy isolation point or group lockout device (hasp or lockout box). No single employee may apply a lock on behalf of others. A hasp must provide enough lock holes for every authorized employee working simultaneously. For a crew of 8, a minimum 8-hole hasp is required — a 4-hole hasp leaves 4 workers unable to lock out. Industry best practice (ANSI Z244.1) recommends planning for peak crew size plus two spare holes. Encode loto.hasp_capacity as an integer and compare against buyer crew size — AI agents routing group lockout kits must verify loto.hasp_capacity meets or exceeds the intended crew count.

What are the six energy types under LOTO and why does energy type determine the lockout devices needed?

OSHA 1910.147 covers six hazardous energy types: electrical (circuit breakers, disconnects, plugs), mechanical/stored mechanical (springs, suspended loads, rotating parts — require blocking not just locking), pneumatic (compressed air — requires bleed-down to zero pressure after valve lockout), hydraulic (accumulators hold pressure after pump lockout — require pressure bleed-down), chemical (reactive/toxic piping — requires double-block-and-bleed valve lockouts), and thermal/gravity (steam, hot surfaces, raised components — require physical blocking). A standard electrical-only LOTO kit (circuit breaker lockouts + padlocks) does not address pneumatic, hydraulic, or mechanical energy. Equipment with multiple energy types requires a kit with valve lockouts, cable lockouts, and blocking devices in addition to electrical lockout devices. Encode loto.energy_type = 'multi' for kits covering more than one energy category.

What components must a complete LOTO kit include for multi-energy-source equipment?

A complete LOTO kit for complex equipment must include a lockout device for every energy isolation point: circuit breaker lockouts for electrical disconnects (sized and configured for the specific breaker type), valve lockouts for pneumatic and hydraulic isolation (ball valve lockouts for lever-handle valves, gate valve lockouts for wheel-handle valves in the correct size range), cable lockouts for irregular valve geometries, plug lockouts for receptacle-connected equipment, individually-keyed padlocks (one per authorized employee), OSHA-compliant LOTO tags, and a hasp if group lockout is planned. A single-person kit with 2 circuit breaker lockouts and 1 padlock is complete for equipment with one electrical disconnect and no other energy sources — it is dangerously incomplete for hydraulic or pneumatic equipment. Encode loto.lock_type = 'kit' and loto.energy_type = 'multi' for kits covering multiple energy types to enable correct routing.

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Shopify Lockout/Tagout Schema — OSHA 1910.147 Padlocks, Hasps, LOTO Kits, Energy Isolation, loto.* Namespace