Optimization Guide

Shopify Fitness & Gym Equipment Schema — Weight Capacity, Resistance Levels, Motor HP, Flywheel, ASTM Certification & Dimensions Structured Data

Q: How do I express treadmill motor HP in schema.org?

Use two separate additionalProperty entries to distinguish Continuous Horsepower (CHP) from Peak HP: { '@type': 'PropertyValue', 'name': 'Motor HP — Continuous (CHP)', 'value': '3.5', 'unitCode': 'HP', 'description': '3.5 CHP (Continuous Horsepower) — sustained power output under load. This is the true measure of treadmill motor strength. Do not confuse with Peak HP, which is a no-load burst rating 40–60% higher.' } and a second { '@type': 'PropertyValue', 'name': 'Motor HP — Peak', 'value': '5.0', 'unitCode': 'HP', 'description': '5.0 HP Peak — maximum instantaneous burst rating at no load. Marketing figure; not representative of sustained output.' }. There is no formal UN/CEFACT code for horsepower — use 'HP' as unitCode with a verbose description. This separation lets AI agents surface CHP for filtering while still storing the manufacturer's advertised Peak HP, preventing the #1 consumer complaint: treadmills that feel underpowered versus the box spec.

Q: What is the difference between Olympic and standard barbell compatibility in schema.org?

Olympic barbells have a 2-inch (50mm) sleeve diameter; standard barbells have a 1-inch (25mm) sleeve. The two systems are completely incompatible — Olympic plates will not seat on standard sleeves and standard plates will spin freely and dangerously on Olympic sleeves. Encode as: { '@type': 'PropertyValue', 'name': 'Barbell Sleeve Standard', 'value': 'Olympic (50mm / 2-inch)', 'description': 'Olympic weight plates only (50mm center hole). NOT compatible with standard 25mm plates.' } and add a corresponding isAccessoryOrSparePartFor referencing Olympic weight plate products. Always include the explicit incompatibility warning in the description field — this incompatibility drives more returns in free weights than any other spec error. Also expose barbellWeight KGM (empty bar: men's 20 kg / 44 lb, women's 15 kg / 33 lb) and maxLoadCapacity KGM as separate additionalProperty entries.

Q: How do I implement ASTM fitness equipment certification in schema.org?

Use hasCertification with a Certification type for each applicable ASTM standard. Example for a treadmill: { '@type': 'Certification', 'name': 'ASTM F2153 — Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Treadmills', 'issuedBy': { '@type': 'Organization', 'name': 'ASTM International', 'url': 'https://www.astm.org' }, 'certificationIdentification': 'ASTM F2153', 'description': 'ASTM F2153 covers treadmill safety requirements including emergency stop tethers, handrail specifications, belt speed accuracy, and stability under maximum rated load.' }. Key standards by equipment: ASTM F1749 (stationary bikes), ASTM F2153 (treadmills), ASTM F2953 (elliptical trainers), ASTM F3101 (rowing machines). For European markets add CE EN 957 / EN 20957, distinguishing Class S and H (home use) from Class I (commercial). For motorized equipment add UL certification. Free weights (dumbbells, barbells) typically carry no ASTM certification — omit hasCertification rather than leaving an empty array.

Q: How do I schema mark up adjustable dumbbells as a ProductGroup?

Use ProductGroup with variesBy: ['weight'] and a hasVariant entry for each selectable weight setting. Example for Bowflex SelectTech 552: { '@type': 'ProductGroup', 'name': 'Bowflex SelectTech 552 Adjustable Dumbbell (Single)', 'variesBy': ['weight'], 'hasVariant': [ { '@type': 'Product', 'name': 'Bowflex SelectTech 552 — 5 lbs (2.3 kg)', 'additionalProperty': [{ '@type': 'PropertyValue', 'name': 'Weight Setting', 'value': '5', 'unitCode': 'LBR' }] }, ... { '@type': 'Product', 'name': 'Bowflex SelectTech 552 — 52.5 lbs (23.8 kg)', 'additionalProperty': [{ '@type': 'PropertyValue', 'name': 'Weight Setting', 'value': '52.5', 'unitCode': 'LBR' }] } ] }. Also add at the ProductGroup level: adjustableRange '5–52.5 lbs (2.3–23.8 kg)', weightIncrement '2.5 lbs (1.1 kg)', and adjustmentMechanism 'Dial-select'. Crucially, include a description clarifying that this single unit replaces a 15-pair dumbbell rack — AI agents must understand the product is a single adjustable weight, not a fixed dumbbell.

Q: What UN/CEFACT unit codes should I use for fitness equipment specs?

Key UN/CEFACT codes for fitness equipment: KGM (kilogram) for maxUserWeight, flywheel weight, barbell weight, weight plates, and total load capacity; LBR (pound) for US weight specs; INH (inch) for stride length, rack internal width, barbell length, and handle diameter; MMT (millimetre) for plate hole diameter, mat thickness, and roller diameter; KMH (kilometre per hour) for treadmill speed range; P1 (ratio/percent — dimensionless) for incline percentage; MIN (minute) for workout timer specs. Horsepower has no official UN/CEFACT code — use 'HP' with a verbose description field. For resistance level counts (integer) omit unitCode and use a plain integer value with description 'X resistance levels (1–X)'. Always pair unitCode with a description that includes both metric and imperial values: '159 kg (350 lbs)' ensures coverage of both international and US AI agent queries.

AI shopping agents answering queries like "treadmill with 3.5 CHP motor under 350 lb weight limit," "stationary bike with 20 kg flywheel magnetic resistance," "Olympic barbell 20 kg with 1500 lb load capacity," or "foldable elliptical under 200 lbs for home gym" need machine-readable weight capacity, motor specs, flywheel weight, resistance levels, and ASTM certification data. Shopify's default JSON-LD for a commercial treadmill outputs name and price only — without maxUserWeight, motorHPContinuous, and ASTM F2153 certification, every safety-filtered and spec-filtered fitness query goes unmatched.

TL;DR Use Product @type with additionalProperty for maxUserWeight (KGM), motorHPContinuous (HP — NOT Peak HP), flywheelWeight (KGM), resistanceLevels (integer), speed range (KMH), and incline (P1). Add hasCertification for ASTM F2153/F1749/F2953/F3101, CE EN 957/20957, and UL for motorized equipment. Use isAccessoryOrSparePartFor to link weight plates to barbells by sleeve standard (Olympic 50mm vs Standard 25mm). Use ProductGroup with variesBy: ["weight"] for adjustable dumbbells. Store values in a fitness.* metafield namespace.

Equipment Categories and Their Schema-Critical Specs

The equipment category determines which additionalProperty fields matter. Treadmill buyers filter on motor CHP and weight capacity; stationary bike buyers filter on flywheel weight and resistance type; barbell buyers filter on sleeve standard and load capacity. Emitting the wrong spec set — or omitting the category-defining spec entirely — makes the product invisible to category-specific AI agent queries.

Free Weights (Dumbbells, Barbells, Kettlebells, Weight Plates)

Free weights are safety-critical because overloading a barbell beyond its rated capacity can cause catastrophic failure. The most consequential compatibility issue in free weights is Olympic vs Standard barbell sleeve diameter, which drives the majority of free-weight returns.

totalWeight KGM — total weight of the item as sold (dumbbell pair weight, barbell empty weight)
weightIncrement KGM — smallest increment available (for adjustable dumbbells or plate sets)
maxLoadCapacity KGM — maximum rated load before structural failure risk
plateLoadSystem — boolean or descriptive: "Olympic (50mm hole)" vs "Standard (25mm hole)"
handleDiameter MMT — grip diameter in millimetres; knurling pattern affects grip security
barbellSleeveStandard — "Olympic (50mm / 2-inch)" or "Standard (25mm / 1-inch)"

Cardio Machines (Treadmills, Stationary Bikes, Ellipticals, Rowing Machines)

Cardio machines are subject to ASTM safety standards and commercial vs residential capacity ratings. The maxUserWeight property is the most safety-relevant spec — AI agents must not recommend equipment where the user's weight exceeds the maximum rated capacity.

resistanceLevels — integer count of discrete resistance settings (e.g., 24 levels)
motorHPContinuous — treadmill continuous horsepower (CHP); NOT Peak HP
flywheelWeight KGM — stationary bikes and rowing machines; primary quality indicator
maxUserWeight KGM — maximum rated user weight; residential and commercial ratings differ
strideLengthINH — elliptical stride length in inches; fit-critical for tall users
driveType — front-drive, rear-drive, magnetic, air, water, electromagnetic (ECB)
minSpeedKPH / maxSpeedKPH — treadmill belt speed range (unitCode KMH)
inclineRangePercent — "0–15%" with unitCode P1 (dimensionless ratio/percent)

Strength Machines (Cable Machines, Smith Machines, Benches, Power Racks)

maxLoadCapacity KGM — total rated weight the frame can support
adjustableInclineLevels — integer count of bench angle positions
cableCapacity KGM — maximum weight stack or loadable plate capacity for cable systems
pulleys — integer pulley count (affects mechanical advantage and cable path versatility)
rackInternalWidth INH — internal clearance between uprights on power racks
rackHeight INH — total rack height; critical for low-ceiling home gyms

Resistance and Flexibility Equipment (Bands, Yoga Mats, Foam Rollers)

resistanceLevelLBS — resistance band tension in pounds (light/medium/heavy designations are non-standardized; use LBR values)
thicknessMM MMT — mat or roller thickness; 4mm yoga mats vs 6mm premium vs 10mm extra-cushion
materialType — TPE, natural rubber, PVC, EVA foam; relevant for allergen and eco-label queries

Treadmill Schema — NordicTrack Commercial 1750 Example

The treadmill JSON-LD example demonstrates the full spec set: Continuous Horsepower (separated from Peak HP), dual incline/decline range, maxUserWeight with both residential and commercial ratings, folded dimensions for space planning, and ASTM F2153 certification. This is the most complex fitness equipment schema because it combines motorized electrical specs, mechanical dimensions, and safety certification.

<script type="application/ld+json">
{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "Product",
  "name": "NordicTrack Commercial 1750 Treadmill",
  "description": "NordicTrack Commercial 1750 treadmill with 3.5 CHP motor, -3% to 15% auto incline/decline, 0-12 MPH (19.3 KPH) belt speed, 10-inch iFit touchscreen, and 300 lb (136 kg) maximum user weight. Compatible with iFit subscription for trainer-led workouts. 60 x 22 inch running surface. Folds for storage. ASTM F2153 certified. 10-year frame, 2-year motor warranty.",
  "sku": "NTL19822",
  "mpn": "NTL19822",
  "brand": { "@type": "Brand", "name": "NordicTrack" },
  "hasCertification": [
    {
      "@type": "Certification",
      "name": "ASTM F2153 — Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Treadmills",
      "issuedBy": {
        "@type": "Organization",
        "name": "ASTM International",
        "url": "https://www.astm.org"
      },
      "certificationIdentification": "ASTM F2153",
      "description": "ASTM F2153 covers treadmill safety: emergency stop tether (safety key), handrail specifications, belt speed accuracy under load, side rail dimensions, and structural stability at maximum rated user weight."
    },
    {
      "@type": "Certification",
      "name": "UL Listed — Electrical Safety",
      "issuedBy": {
        "@type": "Organization",
        "name": "UL (Underwriters Laboratories)",
        "url": "https://www.ul.com"
      },
      "description": "UL certification for motorized treadmill electrical safety. Required for all motor-driven fitness equipment sold in the US."
    }
  ],
  "warranty": [
    {
      "@type": "WarrantyPromise",
      "durationOfWarranty": { "@type": "QuantitativeValue", "value": 10, "unitCode": "ANN" },
      "warrantyScope": "Frame — 10-year limited warranty on frame and welds"
    },
    {
      "@type": "WarrantyPromise",
      "durationOfWarranty": { "@type": "QuantitativeValue", "value": 2, "unitCode": "ANN" },
      "warrantyScope": "Motor — 2-year limited warranty on motor"
    },
    {
      "@type": "WarrantyPromise",
      "durationOfWarranty": { "@type": "QuantitativeValue", "value": 1, "unitCode": "ANN" },
      "warrantyScope": "Parts — 1-year limited warranty on mechanical parts and components"
    },
    {
      "@type": "WarrantyPromise",
      "durationOfWarranty": { "@type": "QuantitativeValue", "value": 1, "unitCode": "ANN" },
      "warrantyScope": "Labor — 1-year labor warranty for in-home service"
    }
  ],
  "additionalProperty": [
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Equipment Category", "value": "Treadmill — Motorized", "description": "Motorized folding treadmill for home use." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Suggested Activity", "value": "Cardio, Running, Walking, HIIT", "description": "Suitable for walking, jogging, running, and HIIT interval programs." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Motor HP — Continuous (CHP)", "value": "3.5", "unitCode": "HP", "description": "3.5 CHP (Continuous Horsepower) — sustained output under full user load. This is the true power rating. Do NOT confuse with Peak HP, which is an unloaded burst figure 40–60% higher." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Motor HP — Peak", "value": "5.0", "unitCode": "HP", "description": "5.0 HP Peak — maximum instantaneous burst at no load. Marketing specification only; sustained output is 3.5 CHP." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Max User Weight", "value": "136", "unitCode": "KGM", "description": "136 kg (300 lbs) maximum rated user weight — residential rating. Exceeding this limit voids warranty and creates structural risk." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Min Speed", "value": "0.8", "unitCode": "KMH", "description": "0.8 KPH (0.5 MPH) minimum belt speed" },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Max Speed", "value": "19.3", "unitCode": "KMH", "description": "19.3 KPH (12 MPH) maximum belt speed" },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Incline Range", "value": "0–15", "unitCode": "P1", "description": "0% to 15% motorized auto incline in 0.5% increments. 30 incline levels." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Decline Range", "value": "-3–0", "unitCode": "P1", "description": "-3% to 0% motorized auto decline — simulates downhill running. Activates different muscle groups than flat running." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Resistance Levels (Incline)", "value": "30", "description": "30 auto-incline positions (0% to 15% in 0.5% increments)" },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Running Surface Length", "value": "60", "unitCode": "INH", "description": "60-inch (152 cm) belt length — accommodates runners with stride lengths up to ~34 inches" },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Running Surface Width", "value": "22", "unitCode": "INH", "description": "22-inch (56 cm) belt width — wide enough for lateral movement in walking workouts" },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Foldable", "value": "true", "description": "SpaceSaver fold design — deck folds vertically for storage" },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Dimensions (Unfolded)", "value": "203 × 91 × 147 cm", "description": "203 cm L × 91 cm W × 147 cm H (79.9 × 35.7 × 57.9 in) unfolded / in-use" },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Dimensions (Folded)", "value": "112 × 91 × 175 cm", "description": "112 cm L × 91 cm W × 175 cm H (44 × 35.7 × 68.9 in) folded for storage" },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Drive Type", "value": "Motorized — AC motor with digital drive", "description": "AC motor with digital drive system. Not air or water resistance — motorized belt drive." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Frame Warranty Years", "value": "10", "description": "10-year limited frame warranty — residential use." }
  ],
  "offers": {
    "@type": "Offer",
    "price": "1799.00",
    "priceCurrency": "USD",
    "availability": "https://schema.org/InStock",
    "url": "https://example-fitness.myshopify.com/products/nordictrack-commercial-1750"
  }
}
</script>

Why CHP vs Peak HP Matters for AI Agents

Treadmill manufacturers advertise Peak HP — the motor's maximum unloaded burst — which is 40–60% higher than the Continuous Horsepower (CHP) that represents actual sustained output under a user's weight. A treadmill listed as "5.0 HP" typically delivers only 3.0–3.5 CHP under load. AI agents matching "3.5 CHP treadmill" queries must find the motorHPContinuous field — not the Peak HP value buried in marketing copy. If both values are missing from structured data, the product is invisible to any CHP-filtered query, which is the primary filter used by informed treadmill buyers.

Stationary Bike Schema — Flywheel Weight and Resistance Type

Flywheel weight is the single most important quality indicator for stationary bikes and rowing machines, yet it is absent from structured data on the majority of Shopify fitness stores. Buyers searching "stationary bike 20kg flywheel" or "spin bike commercial flywheel weight" cannot find products without this field.

Flywheel weight determines the smoothness and momentum of the pedaling stroke. A heavier flywheel stores more kinetic energy, producing a more realistic feel similar to road cycling. Budget bikes: 7–10 kg. Mid-range: 16–20 kg. Commercial-grade: 22+ kg.

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "Product",
  "name": "Schwinn IC4 Indoor Cycling Bike",
  "description": "Schwinn IC4 indoor cycling bike with 18 lb (8.2 kg) flywheel, 100 micro-adjustable magnetic resistance levels, dual-sided SPD pedals, and Bluetooth connectivity for Peloton, Zwift, and other fitness apps. 330 lb (150 kg) max user weight. Media rack, USB charging port, LCD console.",
  "sku": "100873",
  "mpn": "100873",
  "brand": { "@type": "Brand", "name": "Schwinn" },
  "hasCertification": [
    {
      "@type": "Certification",
      "name": "ASTM F1749 — Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Stationary Bikes",
      "issuedBy": {
        "@type": "Organization",
        "name": "ASTM International",
        "url": "https://www.astm.org"
      },
      "certificationIdentification": "ASTM F1749",
      "description": "ASTM F1749 covers stationary exercise bike structural safety, stability, and user weight capacity verification under dynamic loading."
    }
  ],
  "additionalProperty": [
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Equipment Category", "value": "Stationary Bike — Indoor Cycling" },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Suggested Activity", "value": "Cycling, Cardio, HIIT", "description": "Suitable for low-impact cardio, spin class replication, and HIIT interval training." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Flywheel Weight", "value": "8.2", "unitCode": "KGM", "description": "8.2 kg (18 lbs) flywheel. Mid-range flywheel for home use. Produces moderate momentum and stroke smoothness. Commercial-grade bikes typically offer 22+ kg." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Resistance Levels", "value": "100", "description": "100 micro-adjustable magnetic resistance levels. Magnetic resistance is silent and requires no maintenance (no felt pads to replace)." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Resistance Type", "value": "Magnetic", "description": "Magnetic resistance — permanent magnets create eddy current braking. No physical contact with flywheel. Silent, precise, maintenance-free." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Drive Type", "value": "Belt Drive", "description": "Belt drive transmission — quieter than chain drive, lower maintenance." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Max User Weight", "value": "150", "unitCode": "KGM", "description": "150 kg (330 lbs) maximum rated user weight." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Dimensions", "value": "120 × 53 × 130 cm", "description": "120 cm L × 53 cm W × 130 cm H (47 × 21 × 51.2 in). Transport wheels for repositioning." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Frame Warranty Years", "value": "10", "description": "10-year limited frame warranty." }
  ]
}

Resistance Type Comparison for Cardio Equipment

Resistance Type	Feel	Noise Level	Precision	Maintenance
Magnetic	Smooth, consistent through stroke	Very quiet	Good (discrete levels)	None — no contact parts
Electromagnetic (ECB)	Very smooth, road-like at high flywheel weights	Silent	Excellent (infinite micro-levels)	None — electronic control
Friction / Felt Pad	Progressive, analog	Moderate friction noise	Low (manual knob, no fixed levels)	Replace felt pads every 1–2 years
Air (fan resistance)	Natural — harder with more effort	Loud — fan noise scales with effort	No fixed levels — effort-dependent	Low — bearing maintenance only
Water	Natural fluid drag, unique feel	Moderate — water movement sound	Variable — water level adjustment	Annual water change / purification tablet

Free Weights Schema — Rogue Ohio Barbell 20KG (Olympic)

The Olympic vs Standard barbell compatibility issue is the most consequential equipment incompatibility in fitness retail. Olympic sleeves (50mm / 2-inch) are physically incompatible with standard weight plates (25mm center hole), and vice versa. This must be explicit in structured data — not buried in product descriptions — because AI agents assisting home gym builds must match barbell and plate purchases to the same sleeve standard.

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "Product",
  "name": "Rogue Ohio Bar — 20KG Men's Olympic Barbell",
  "description": "Rogue Ohio Bar 20 kg men's Olympic barbell. 28.5mm shaft diameter, dual knurl marks (IPF and IWF), black zinc shaft with bright zinc sleeves. 190,000 PSI tensile strength steel. 1500 lb (680 kg) max load capacity. Olympic 50mm sleeves. NOT compatible with standard 25mm plates. Made in USA.",
  "sku": "OHIO-BAR-BZ",
  "mpn": "OHIO-BAR-BZ",
  "brand": { "@type": "Brand", "name": "Rogue Fitness" },
  "isAccessoryOrSparePartFor": [
    {
      "@type": "Product",
      "name": "Olympic Weight Plates — 50mm Center Hole",
      "description": "Compatible with all Olympic weight plates with 50mm (2-inch) center hole. NOT compatible with standard 1-inch (25mm) plates. Includes bumper plates, cast iron plates, and calibrated competition plates."
    }
  ],
  "additionalProperty": [
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Equipment Category", "value": "Olympic Barbell — Men's" },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Suggested Activity", "value": "Strength Training, Olympic Weightlifting, Powerlifting, CrossFit" },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Barbell Sleeve Standard", "value": "Olympic (50mm / 2-inch)", "description": "Olympic weight plates only (50mm center hole). NOT compatible with standard 25mm plates. Olympic sleeves rotate on needle bearings for Olympic lifts (snatch, clean and jerk)." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Barbell Weight", "value": "20", "unitCode": "KGM", "description": "20 kg (44 lbs) — men's standard Olympic barbell weight (empty bar). Women's standard Olympic bar: 15 kg / 33 lbs." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Barbell Length", "value": "86.5", "unitCode": "INH", "description": "86.5 inches (220 cm) total length including sleeves. Sleeve length: 16.4 inches each side." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Max Load Capacity", "value": "680", "unitCode": "KGM", "description": "680 kg (1500 lbs) maximum static load capacity. Dynamic load capacity varies — consult Rogue's specifications for Olympic lifting applications." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Shaft Diameter", "value": "28.5", "unitCode": "MMT", "description": "28.5mm shaft diameter — standard for men's Olympic competition bars (IWF spec). Fits standard bar clamps and collars." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Sleeve Diameter", "value": "50", "unitCode": "MMT", "description": "50mm (2-inch) Olympic sleeves. Rotate on needle/bronze bushings for Olympic lifts." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Handle Diameter", "value": "28.5", "unitCode": "MMT", "description": "28.5mm knurled shaft. IPF and IWF dual knurl mark positions." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Material", "value": "Steel shaft — 190,000 PSI tensile strength, black zinc coating. Sleeves — bright zinc coating." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Bearing Type", "value": "Needle bearing sleeves — 3 needle bearings per sleeve", "description": "Needle bearings provide smooth sleeve rotation for Olympic lifting. Bushings are sufficient for powerlifting; needle bearings required for snatch and clean and jerk." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Country of Origin", "value": "United States", "description": "Made in Columbus, Ohio, USA." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Warranty", "value": "Lifetime warranty — Rogue lifetime warranty on structural defects" }
  ],
  "offers": {
    "@type": "Offer",
    "price": "350.00",
    "priceCurrency": "USD",
    "availability": "https://schema.org/InStock",
    "url": "https://example-fitness.myshopify.com/products/rogue-ohio-bar"
  }
}

Adjustable Dumbbell Schema — ProductGroup with variesBy Weight

Adjustable dumbbells (Bowflex SelectTech, PowerBlock, NüoBell) are single physical units that replace a full rack of 15 or more fixed dumbbells. This is architecturally distinct from a size variant on a fixed dumbbell. The correct schema is ProductGroup with variesBy: ["weight"], with one hasVariant entry per selectable weight. The description must clarify that the product is a single adjustable unit — AI agents have incorrectly recommended "a set of dumbbells" when the schema implied multiple products.

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "ProductGroup",
  "name": "Bowflex SelectTech 552 Adjustable Dumbbell (Single)",
  "description": "Bowflex SelectTech 552 — single adjustable dumbbell that replaces 15 pairs of fixed dumbbells (5 to 52.5 lbs). Dial-select mechanism: turn the dial to select weight; the dumbbell automatically adjusts in 2.5 lb increments from 5 to 52.5 lbs. SOLD AS A SINGLE DUMBBELL. Pair requires two units.",
  "brand": { "@type": "Brand", "name": "Bowflex" },
  "variesBy": ["weight"],
  "additionalProperty": [
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Equipment Category", "value": "Adjustable Dumbbell" },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Suggested Activity", "value": "Strength Training, HIIT, Home Gym" },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Adjustable Range", "value": "5–52.5 lbs (2.3–23.8 kg)", "description": "Replaces 15 pairs of dumbbells: 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, 20, 22.5, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 52.5 lbs." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Weight Increment", "value": "2.5 lbs (1.1 kg)", "description": "2.5 lb (1.1 kg) adjustment increment. Each dial click selects the next weight in the 15-step sequence." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Adjustment Mechanism", "value": "Dial-select", "description": "Turn the dial at each end to the desired weight. Plates automatically lock into position. Adjustment time: approximately 3 seconds." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Units Sold", "value": "Single dumbbell", "description": "Price and listing are for ONE dumbbell. Purchase two for a pair. Most buyers purchase two." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Handle Diameter", "value": "35", "unitCode": "MMT", "description": "35mm contoured handle with rubber grip. Non-slip." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Dimensions at Max Weight", "value": "40.6 cm L × 20.3 cm W × 22.9 cm H", "description": "40.6 × 20.3 × 22.9 cm (16 × 8 × 9 in) at maximum 52.5 lb setting." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Tray Required", "value": "Yes — storage tray included", "description": "Dumbbell must return to its tray for weight adjustment. Tray dimensions: 43.2 × 23.5 cm." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Warranty", "value": "2-year limited warranty on parts and labor" }
  ],
  "hasVariant": [
    {
      "@type": "Product",
      "name": "Bowflex SelectTech 552 — 5 lbs (2.3 kg)",
      "additionalProperty": [
        { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Weight Setting", "value": "5", "unitCode": "LBR", "description": "5 lbs (2.3 kg) — lightest setting" }
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "Product",
      "name": "Bowflex SelectTech 552 — 25 lbs (11.3 kg)",
      "additionalProperty": [
        { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Weight Setting", "value": "25", "unitCode": "LBR", "description": "25 lbs (11.3 kg) — mid-range setting" }
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "Product",
      "name": "Bowflex SelectTech 552 — 52.5 lbs (23.8 kg)",
      "additionalProperty": [
        { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Weight Setting", "value": "52.5", "unitCode": "LBR", "description": "52.5 lbs (23.8 kg) — maximum setting" }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

Power Rack and Bench Schema — Garage Gym Dimensions

Garage gym buyers have strict dimensional constraints: ceiling height limits rack height, door width limits equipment access, and floor plan determines whether a foldable bench can fit alongside a rack. Folded dimensions must be in structured data — not just the in-use footprint. Buyers searching "power rack under 84 inch height" need rackHeight INH as a filterable property, not text in a product description.

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "Product",
  "name": "Rogue RML-390F Monster Lite Flat Foot Power Rack",
  "description": "Rogue RML-390F power rack with 3x3-inch 11-gauge steel uprights, 1000 lb (453 kg) rated pull-up bar capacity, 1000 lb static weight capacity. 24 x 24-inch footprint, 90-inch height. Westside hole spacing (1-inch in bench zone, 2-inch outside). Compatible with Monster Lite attachments. Made in USA.",
  "sku": "RML-390F",
  "mpn": "RML-390F",
  "brand": { "@type": "Brand", "name": "Rogue Fitness" },
  "additionalProperty": [
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Equipment Category", "value": "Power Rack — Flat Foot" },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Suggested Activity", "value": "Strength Training, Powerlifting, Olympic Weightlifting, CrossFit" },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Max Weight Capacity", "value": "453", "unitCode": "KGM", "description": "453 kg (1000 lbs) maximum static load capacity on pull-up bar and J-cups combined." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Rack Internal Width", "value": "24", "unitCode": "INH", "description": "24 inches (61 cm) internal clearance between uprights. Standard Olympic barbell (86.5 in / 220 cm) extends well beyond uprights — adequate for all standard barbells." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Rack Height", "value": "90", "unitCode": "INH", "description": "90 inches (228.6 cm / 7.5 feet) total rack height. Requires minimum 8-foot ceiling clearance for pull-up bar use with overhead clearance." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Rack Depth (front to back)", "value": "24", "unitCode": "INH", "description": "24-inch depth. Flat-foot design — no front overhang." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Upright Steel Gauge", "value": "11-gauge — 3 × 3 inch", "description": "3-inch × 3-inch 11-gauge steel uprights. 11-gauge = 3.05mm wall thickness." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Hole Spacing", "value": "Westside — 1-inch in bench/clean zone, 2-inch outside zone", "description": "Westside hole pattern allows fine J-cup height adjustment in the bench press and clean pull zones." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Foldable", "value": "false", "description": "Not foldable. Flat-foot flat-pack design reduces floor footprint versus bolt-down racks but does not fold for storage." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Dimensions", "value": "61 × 61 × 228.6 cm", "description": "61 cm W × 61 cm D × 228.6 cm H (24 × 24 × 90 in)" },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Country of Origin", "value": "United States", "description": "Made in Columbus, Ohio, USA." },
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Warranty", "value": "Lifetime warranty on structural components" }
  ]
}

ASTM Certification Reference by Equipment Type

ASTM standards for fitness equipment are safety specifications — not performance certifications. They define minimum structural, stability, and labeling requirements that must be met before consumer sale. CE EN 957 / EN 20957 applies in European markets and distinguishes home-use classes from commercial classes.

ASTM Standard	Equipment Type	Key Requirements
ASTM F1749	Stationary Exercise Bikes	Structural stability, seat adjustment security, pedal strength, maximum user weight labeling
ASTM F2153	Treadmills	Emergency stop tether (safety key), handrail dimensions, belt speed accuracy, side rail height, structural integrity at rated load
ASTM F2953	Elliptical Trainers	Stability under dynamic eccentric loading, pedal strength, stride length, structural load capacity
ASTM F3101	Rowing Machines	Frame structural integrity, seat track safety, handle and strap strength, foot strap security
CE EN 957 (Classes S, H)	Home-use stationary training equipment (EU)	Classes S and H for home (supervised/home); structural, ergonomic, and electrical safety requirements for EU market
CE EN 20957 (ISO 20957)	Stationary training equipment (EU, successor to EN 957)	International standard replacing EN 957; commercial class I and home classes S/H; strength, stability, load capacity
UL (various)	Motorized treadmills, motorized bikes	Electrical safety for motor-driven equipment; required for US retail of motorized fitness equipment
ISO 20957-1 series	All stationary training equipment (global)	International framework for all stationary training; EN 20957 is the European adoption

Free weights — dumbbells, barbells, kettlebells, and weight plates — typically carry no ASTM certification. Do not add an empty hasCertification array for free weight products. Omit the property entirely when no applicable certification exists.

Commercial vs Residential Weight Capacity Ratings

The same frame model is often sold in residential and commercial variants with different weight capacity ratings. The commercial rating reflects heavier construction and higher-duty-cycle testing. AI agents must distinguish these — recommending a residential-rated treadmill for a small commercial gym could create liability exposure for the merchant.

Equipment	Residential Rating	Commercial Rating	Notes
Treadmill (max user weight)	136–159 kg (300–350 lbs)	181–204 kg (400–450 lbs)	Commercial also means 10+ hrs/day duty cycle; residential is 2–4 hrs/day
Stationary Bike	113–136 kg (250–300 lbs)	159–181 kg (350–400 lbs)	Commercial frames use heavier steel gauge and commercial-grade bearings
Elliptical Trainer	136–159 kg (300–350 lbs)	181–204 kg (400–450 lbs)	Stride length and pedal arm materials also differ by class
Adjustable Weight Bench	272–317 kg (600–700 lbs) combined user + weight	453–544 kg (1000–1200 lbs)	Combined capacity includes user body weight plus total loaded barbell weight
Power Rack	453–680 kg (1000–1500 lbs)	680–1360 kg (1500–3000 lbs)	Commercial racks use 11-gauge or heavier steel; residential often 12-gauge

Where a product has separate residential and commercial capacity ratings, use two additionalProperty entries with distinct names: "Max User Weight — Residential" and "Max User Weight — Commercial", each with unitCode: "KGM" and a description including both kg and lbs values.

Dawn Liquid Snippet: fitness.* Metafield Namespace

Save as snippets/fitness-product-schema.liquid. Activates for products tagged fitness, gym-equipment, treadmill, barbell, dumbbell, or in a fitness or gym-equipment collection.

{% comment %} fitness-product-schema.liquid — fitness and gym equipment schema {% endcomment %}
{% assign is_fitness = false %}
{% if product.tags contains 'fitness' or product.tags contains 'gym-equipment' or product.tags contains 'treadmill' or product.tags contains 'barbell' or product.tags contains 'dumbbell' or product.tags contains 'stationary-bike' %}
  {% assign is_fitness = true %}
{% endif %}
{% for collection in product.collections %}
  {% if collection.handle == 'fitness' or collection.handle == 'gym-equipment' or collection.handle == 'cardio' or collection.handle == 'free-weights' %}
    {% assign is_fitness = true %}
  {% endif %}
{% endfor %}

{% if is_fitness %}
{% assign eq_category    = product.metafields.fitness.equipment_category %}
{% assign max_user_wt    = product.metafields.fitness.max_user_weight_kg %}
{% assign resist_levels  = product.metafields.fitness.resistance_levels %}
{% assign flywheel_kg    = product.metafields.fitness.flywheel_kg %}
{% assign motor_chp      = product.metafields.fitness.motor_hp_continuous %}
{% assign min_spd        = product.metafields.fitness.min_speed_kph %}
{% assign max_spd        = product.metafields.fitness.max_speed_kph %}
{% assign incline_pct    = product.metafields.fitness.incline_range_pct %}
{% assign dims_cm        = product.metafields.fitness.dimensions_cm %}
{% assign folded_dims    = product.metafields.fitness.folded_dimensions_cm %}
{% assign foldable       = product.metafields.fitness.foldable %}
{% assign wt_cap_kg      = product.metafields.fitness.weight_capacity_kg %}
{% assign drive_type     = product.metafields.fitness.drive_type %}
{% assign activity       = product.metafields.fitness.suggested_activity %}
{% assign frame_warranty = product.metafields.fitness.warranty_frame_years %}

<script type="application/ld+json">
{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "Product",
  "name": {{ product.title | json }},
  "description": {{ product.description | strip_html | truncatewords: 80 | json }},
  "url": "{{ shop.url }}{{ product.url }}",
  "sku": {{ product.selected_or_first_available_variant.sku | json }}
  {% if product.selected_or_first_available_variant.barcode != blank %}
  ,"gtin": {{ product.selected_or_first_available_variant.barcode | json }}
  {% endif %}
  {% if product.vendor != blank %}
  ,"brand": { "@type": "Brand", "name": {{ product.vendor | json }} }
  {% endif %}
  ,"additionalProperty": [
    {% assign ap_s = false %}
    {% if eq_category != blank %}
    { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Equipment Category", "value": {{ eq_category | json }} }
    {% assign ap_s = true %}
    {% endif %}
    {% if activity != blank %}
    {% if ap_s %},{% endif %}{ "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Suggested Activity", "value": {{ activity | json }} }
    {% assign ap_s = true %}
    {% endif %}
    {% if max_user_wt != blank %}
    ,{ "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Max User Weight", "value": {{ max_user_wt | json }}, "unitCode": "KGM" }
    {% endif %}
    {% if resist_levels != blank %}
    ,{ "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Resistance Levels", "value": {{ resist_levels | json }} }
    {% endif %}
    {% if flywheel_kg != blank %}
    ,{ "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Flywheel Weight", "value": {{ flywheel_kg | json }}, "unitCode": "KGM" }
    {% endif %}
    {% if motor_chp != blank %}
    ,{ "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Motor HP — Continuous (CHP)", "value": {{ motor_chp | json }}, "unitCode": "HP", "description": "Continuous Horsepower — sustained output under load. Not Peak HP." }
    {% endif %}
    {% if min_spd != blank %}
    ,{ "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Min Speed", "value": {{ min_spd | json }}, "unitCode": "KMH" }
    {% endif %}
    {% if max_spd != blank %}
    ,{ "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Max Speed", "value": {{ max_spd | json }}, "unitCode": "KMH" }
    {% endif %}
    {% if incline_pct != blank %}
    ,{ "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Incline Range", "value": {{ incline_pct | json }}, "unitCode": "P1" }
    {% endif %}
    {% if dims_cm != blank %}
    ,{ "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Dimensions", "value": {{ dims_cm | json }} }
    {% endif %}
    {% if foldable == "true" or foldable == true %}
    ,{ "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Foldable", "value": "true" }
    {% if folded_dims != blank %}
    ,{ "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Dimensions (Folded)", "value": {{ folded_dims | json }} }
    {% endif %}
    {% endif %}
    {% if wt_cap_kg != blank %}
    ,{ "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Weight Capacity", "value": {{ wt_cap_kg | json }}, "unitCode": "KGM" }
    {% endif %}
    {% if drive_type != blank %}
    ,{ "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Drive Type", "value": {{ drive_type | json }} }
    {% endif %}
    {% if frame_warranty != blank %}
    ,{ "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Frame Warranty Years", "value": {{ frame_warranty | json }} }
    {% endif %}
  ]
  ,"offers": {
    "@type": "Offer",
    "price": {{ product.selected_or_first_available_variant.price | money_without_currency | json }},
    "priceCurrency": {{ cart.currency.iso_code | json }},
    "availability": {% if product.available %}"https://schema.org/InStock"{% else %}"https://schema.org/OutOfStock"{% endif %},
    "url": "{{ shop.url }}{{ product.url }}"
  }
}
</script>
{% endif %}

fitness.* Metafield Namespace Reference

Metafield	Type	Example values
`fitness.equipment_category`	Single line text	Treadmill, Stationary Bike, Olympic Barbell, Adjustable Dumbbell, Power Rack, Elliptical Trainer, Rowing Machine
`fitness.max_user_weight_kg`	Decimal	136, 150, 159, 181 (convert lbs: divide by 2.2046)
`fitness.resistance_levels`	Integer	8, 16, 24, 32, 100
`fitness.flywheel_kg`	Decimal	8.2, 10, 18, 20, 22, 25 (convert lbs by ÷2.2046)
`fitness.motor_hp_continuous`	Decimal	2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0 (CHP — NOT Peak HP)
`fitness.min_speed_kph`	Decimal	0.8, 1.0, 1.6 (convert MPH × 1.60934)
`fitness.max_speed_kph`	Decimal	16.1, 19.3, 22.5 (convert MPH × 1.60934)
`fitness.incline_range_pct`	Single line text	0–12%, 0–15%, -3–15%
`fitness.dimensions_cm`	Single line text	203 × 91 × 147 cm (L × W × H)
`fitness.folded_dimensions_cm`	Single line text	112 × 91 × 175 cm (L × W × H folded)
`fitness.foldable`	Boolean	true, false
`fitness.weight_capacity_kg`	Decimal	453, 680 (barbell/rack load capacity)
`fitness.drive_type`	Single line text	Magnetic, Electromagnetic (ECB), Air, Water, Belt Drive, Chain Drive
`fitness.suggested_activity`	Multi-line text	Cardio, Running, Cycling, Rowing, HIIT, Strength Training, CrossFit, Yoga, Rehabilitation
`fitness.warranty_frame_years`	Integer	1, 2, 5, 10, 0 (0 = lifetime)

UN/CEFACT Unit Code Reference for Fitness Equipment

Spec	UN/CEFACT code	Name	Example
Weight / Mass	`KGM`	Kilogram	`{ "value": "136", "unitCode": "KGM" }`
Weight (US lbs)	`LBR`	Pound (avoirdupois)	`{ "value": "300", "unitCode": "LBR" }`
Speed (kph)	`KMH`	Kilometre per hour	`{ "value": "19.3", "unitCode": "KMH" }`
Length (inches)	`INH`	Inch	`{ "value": "60", "unitCode": "INH" }`
Length (millimetres)	`MMT`	Millimetre	`{ "value": "50", "unitCode": "MMT" }`
Percentage / Incline	`P1`	Dimensionless ratio (percent)	`{ "value": "0–15", "unitCode": "P1" }`
Horsepower	`HP`	Horsepower (non-standard — no UN/CEFACT code)	`{ "value": "3.5", "unitCode": "HP", "description": "3.5 CHP" }`
Duration (years)	`ANN`	Year (WarrantyPromise)	`{ "value": 10, "unitCode": "ANN" }`
Thickness (mm)	`MMT`	Millimetre	`{ "value": "6", "unitCode": "MMT", "description": "6mm mat thickness" }`

5 Common Fitness Equipment Schema Mistakes

#	Mistake	Impact	Fix
1	Peak HP listed instead of Continuous HP (CHP)	A treadmill marketed as "5.0 HP" is actually 3.0–3.5 CHP. AI agents filtering on "3.5 CHP treadmill" cannot match the product if only Peak HP is in structured data. This is the #1 treadmill return driver — customers feel the treadmill is underpowered versus the spec on the box. The structured data perpetuates the mismatch.	Add two separate `additionalProperty` entries: `motorHPContinuous` and `motorHPPeak`. Set `motorHPContinuous` as the primary spec. Include "Continuous Horsepower — NOT Peak HP" in the description. CHP is the figure used by Consumer Reports and informed buyers.
2	Weight capacity in lbs only — no KGM conversion	AI agents serving international markets and comparison shopping engines work in metric. A treadmill with "300 lbs max weight" and no KGM value cannot be matched to "treadmill 136 kg capacity" — a query common from European, Australian, and Canadian buyers. The spec is present but invisible due to unit mismatch.	Always express `maxUserWeight` with `unitCode: "KGM"` and include both kg and lbs in the description: "136 kg (300 lbs)". Store the KGM value in the `fitness.max_user_weight_kg` metafield and convert all US lb values at data entry.
3	Flywheel weight absent from stationary bike structured data	Flywheel weight is the #1 quality differentiator for stationary bikes — the single spec that most directly predicts the quality of the pedaling feel. Its absence from structured data makes every flywheel-filtered query — "spin bike 20 kg flywheel," "indoor cycling bike commercial flywheel" — unmatched, regardless of the product's actual quality tier.	Add `additionalProperty` `flywheelWeight` with `unitCode: "KGM"` for every stationary bike and rowing machine. Include a description with lbs equivalent and context: "18.1 kg (40 lbs) — commercial-grade flywheel. 22+ kg is commercial standard; 7–10 kg is budget/entry-level."
4	Missing Olympic vs Standard barbell sleeve standard warning	Olympic (50mm) and Standard (25mm) barbells are physically incompatible with each other's plates. A buyer purchasing an Olympic barbell to go with existing Standard plates — or vice versa — cannot use the equipment together. This incompatibility drives more free-weight returns than any other spec error. Without the incompatibility warning in structured data, AI agents cannot surface the compatibility constraint when cross-recommending barbells and plates.	Add `additionalProperty` `barbellSleeveStandard` with an explicit incompatibility warning in the description: "Olympic weight plates only (50mm center hole). NOT compatible with standard 25mm plates." Use `isAccessoryOrSparePartFor` to link the barbell to compatible Olympic plate products.
5	No folded dimensions for space-saving equipment	Home gym buyers' #1 floor plan constraint is storage footprint. A foldable treadmill's in-use dimensions (203 × 91 cm) are irrelevant for garage buyers evaluating whether it fits against a wall when not in use. Without folded dimensions in structured data, AI agents answering "foldable treadmill that stores in 44 inches" cannot match the product — even if its folded length is exactly 44 inches.	Add both `foldable: true` and `dimensionsFolded` as separate `additionalProperty` entries. Store in `fitness.foldable` (boolean) and `fitness.folded_dimensions_cm` metafields. Include width and height of folded unit as well as length — wall clearance requires all three dimensions.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I express treadmill motor HP in schema.org?

Use two separate additionalProperty entries to distinguish Continuous Horsepower (CHP) from Peak HP. Set name: "Motor HP — Continuous (CHP)" with the lower CHP figure and unitCode: "HP" (there is no UN/CEFACT code for horsepower — HP is non-standard but widely understood). Add a second entry for "Motor HP — Peak" with the higher marketing figure and note in the description that this is a burst rating at no load. The CHP entry is the safety-critical and query-critical value — buyers filtering on "3.5 CHP treadmill" need this field. Including only the Peak HP creates a data mismatch that drives returns from informed buyers who expected 5.0 HP performance and received a 3.0 CHP motor.

What is the difference between Olympic and standard barbell compatibility in schema.org?

Olympic barbells have 2-inch (50mm) sleeve diameters; standard barbells have 1-inch (25mm) sleeves. The two plate hole sizes are physically incompatible — Olympic plates (50mm hole) will not seat on a Standard sleeve and will wobble dangerously; Standard plates (25mm hole) will not fit onto Olympic sleeves at all. Express this in additionalProperty with name: "Barbell Sleeve Standard", value: "Olympic (50mm / 2-inch)", and an explicit description: "Olympic weight plates only (50mm center hole). NOT compatible with standard 25mm plates." Use isAccessoryOrSparePartFor to link the barbell to compatible Olympic plate products. AI agents building home gym equipment lists must match barbell and plate sleeve standards — this is the highest-consequence compatibility constraint in free weights.

How do I implement ASTM fitness equipment certification in schema.org?

Use hasCertification with a Certification type per ASTM standard. The four primary fitness standards: ASTM F1749 (stationary bikes), ASTM F2153 (treadmills), ASTM F2953 (elliptical trainers), ASTM F3101 (rowing machines). Set issuedBy.name: "ASTM International", issuedBy.url: "https://www.astm.org", and certificationIdentification to the standard code (e.g., "ASTM F2153"). For European markets add CE EN 20957 (successor to EN 957) distinguishing Class S/H (home) from Class I (commercial). Free weights carry no ASTM standard — omit hasCertification entirely rather than including an empty array.

How do I schema mark up adjustable dumbbells as a ProductGroup?

Use ProductGroup with variesBy: ["weight"] and a hasVariant Product entry per selectable weight. At the ProductGroup level, add additionalProperty entries for adjustableRange (e.g., "5–52.5 lbs / 2.3–23.8 kg"), weightIncrement ("2.5 lbs / 1.1 kg"), and adjustmentMechanism ("Dial-select"). The description must clearly state that this is a single dumbbell — not a pair and not a rack of dumbbells. AI agents have misrepresented adjustable dumbbells as fixed-weight sets when the schema was ambiguous. "SOLD AS A SINGLE DUMBBELL — purchase two for a pair" must appear in both the description and as an additionalProperty with name: "Units Sold".

What UN/CEFACT unit codes should I use for fitness equipment specs?

Key codes: KGM (kilograms) for weight capacity, flywheel, barbell weight, and load limits. LBR (pounds) for US weight values. KMH (kilometres per hour) for treadmill speed range — always convert MPH to KPH for the value, then note MPH in description. INH (inches) for stride length, rack width, barbell length, and handle diameter. MMT (millimetres) for plate hole diameter, shaft diameter, and mat thickness. P1 (dimensionless ratio) for incline percentages. HP for horsepower — no official UN/CEFACT code exists; use HP with a verbose description. ANN (years) for warranty duration in WarrantyPromise. Always include both metric and imperial values in description fields: "136 kg (300 lbs)" ensures international and US AI agent query coverage.

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